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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008) - Cook Islands (2003)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008) z Cook Islands (2003)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)Cook Islands (2003)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsCook Islands
Administrative divisions - none
Age structure - 0-14 years: NA%


15-64 years: NA%


65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products - copra, citrus, pineapples, tomatoes, beans, pawpaws, bananas, yams, taro, coffee; pigs, poultry
Airports - 7 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 6


1,524 to 2,437 m: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2002)
Area total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 240 sq km


land: 240 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC 1.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. Named after Captain Cook, who sighted them in 1770, the islands became a British protectorate in 1888. By 1900, administrative control was transferred to New Zealand; in 1965 residents chose self-government in free association with New Zealand. The emigration of skilled workers to New Zealand and government deficits are continuing problems.
Birth rate - NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget - revenues: $28 million


expenditures: $27 million, including capital expenditures of $3.3 million (FY 00/01 est.)
Capital - Avarua
Climate tropical tropical; moderated by trade winds
Coastline 74.1 km 120 km
Constitution - 4 August 1965
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Cook Islands


former: Harvey Islands
Currency - New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate - NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external - $141 million (1996 est.)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Attorney-General's Department self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Cook Islands is fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs and defense, in consultation with the Cook Islands
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) none (self-governing in free association with New Zealand)
Disputes - international Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to these islands; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches none
Economic aid - recipient - $13.1 million; note - New Zealand continues to furnish the greater part (1995)
Economy - overview no economic activity Like many other South Pacific island nations, the Cook Islands' economic development is hindered by the isolation of the country from foreign markets, the limited size of domestic markets, lack of natural resources, periodic devastation from natural disasters, and inadequate infrastructure. Agriculture provides the economic base with major exports made up of copra and citrus fruit. Manufacturing activities are limited to fruit processing, clothing, and handicrafts. Trade deficits are offset by remittances from emigrants and by foreign aid, overwhelmingly from New Zealand. In the 1980s and 1990s, the country lived beyond its means, maintaining a bloated public service and accumulating a large foreign debt. Subsequent reforms, including the sale of state assets, the strengthening of economic management, the encouragement of tourism, and a debt restructuring agreement, have rekindled investment and growth.
Electricity - consumption - 25.51 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 27.43 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Te Manga 652 m
Environment - current issues NA NA
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups - Polynesian (full blood) 81.3%, Polynesian and European 7.7%, Polynesian and non-European 7.7%, European 2.4%, other 0.9%
Exchange rates - New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997)
Executive branch - chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Frederick GOODWIN (since NA); New Zealand High Commissioner Kurt MEYER (since NA), representative of New Zealand


head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Robert WOONTON (since 12 February 2002); Deputy Prime Minister Ngamau MUNOKOA (since 5 November 2003)


cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister; collectively responsible to Parliament


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the UK representative is appointed by the monarch; the New Zealand high commissioner is appointed by the New Zealand Government; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition usually becomes prime minister
Exports - NA (2001)
Exports - commodities - copra, papayas, fresh and canned citrus fruit, coffee; fish; pearls and pearl shells; clothing
Exports - partners - Australia 34%, Japan 27%, New Zealand 25%, US 8% (2000)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description the flag of Australia is used blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag
GDP - purchasing power parity - $105 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 17%


industry: 7.8%


services: 75.2% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 7.1% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 21 14 S, 159 46 W
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 the northern Cook Islands are seven low-lying, sparsely populated, coral atolls; the southern Cook Islands consist of eight elevated, fertile, volcanic isles where most of the populace lives
Highways - total: 320 km


paved: 33 km


unpaved: 287 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - NA (2001)
Imports - commodities - foodstuffs, textiles, fuels, timber, capital goods
Imports - partners - NZ 61%, Fiji 19%, US 9%, Australia 6%, Japan 2% (2000)
Independence - none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)
Industrial production growth rate - 1% (2002)
Industries - fruit processing, tourism, fishing, clothing, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate - total: NA%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 3.2% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - ACP, AsDB, ESCAP (associate), FAO, ICAO, ICFTU, IFAD, IFRCS (associate), IOC, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UNESCO, WHO, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 3 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch - High Court
Labor force - 8,000 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 29%, industry 15%, services 56%


note: shortage of skilled labor (1995)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)		 arable land: 17.39%


permanent crops: 13.04%


other: 69.57% (1998 est.)
Languages - English (official), Maori
Legal system the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply based on New Zealand law and English common law
Legislative branch - unicameral Parliament (25 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 16 June 1999 (next to be held by NA 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CIP 12, DAP 12, NAP 1


note: the House of Ariki (chiefs) advises on traditional matters and maintains considerable influence, but has no legislative powers
Life expectancy at birth - total population: NA years


male: NA years


female: NA years (2003 est.)
Literacy - definition: NA


total population: 95%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation		 continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force defense is the responsibility of New Zealand, in consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request
National holiday - Constitution Day, first Monday in August (1965)
Nationality - noun: Cook Islander(s)


adjective: Cook Islander
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards typhoons (November to March)
Natural resources fish NEGL
People - note the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem -
Political parties and leaders - Cook Islands People's Party or CIP [Geoffrey HENRY]; Democratic Alliance Party or DAP [Terepai MAOATE]; New Alliance Party or NAP [Norman GEORGE]; Cook Islands National Party or CIN [Teariki HEATHER]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island		 21,008 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - NA% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors - Avarua, Avatiu
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Christian (majority of populace are members of the Cook Islands Christian Church)
Sex ratio - NA (2003 est.)
Suffrage - NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system - general assessment: NA


domestic: the individual islands are connected by a combination of satellite earth stations, microwave systems, and VHF and HF radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small exchanges connected to subscribers by open-wire, cable, and fiber-optic cable


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 5,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 0 (1994)
Television broadcast stations - 2 (plus eight low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain low with sand and coral low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south
Total fertility rate - NA children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate - 13% (1996)
Waterways - none
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